9th International Conference on Clinical and Medical Case Reports September 27-28, 2018 | Amsterdam, Netherlands

Vascular surgery is a surgical subspecialty in which diseases of the vascular system, arteries and veins, are managed by medical therapy. The specialty evolved from general and cardiac surgery and also minimally invasive techniques pioneered by interventional radiology. The vascular surgeon is trained in the diagnosis and management of diseases affecting all parts of the vascular system except those of the heart and brain. Cardiothoracic surgeons and cardiologists manage disease of vessels of the heart. Neurosurgeons and interventional Neuron radiologists manage surgical disease of the vessels in the brain.

Endovascular aneurysm repair (or endovascular aortic repair) (EVAR) is a type of endovascular surgery used to treat the pathology of aorta. When used to treat thoracic aortic disease, the procedure is then specifically termed TEVAR (thoracic endovascular aortic/aneurysm repair). The process involves the placement of an expandable stent graft within the aorta to treat aortic disease without operating directly on the aorta.

Epidemiology is the science that studies the patterns, causes of diseases- disorders, effects of health and disease conditions in defined populations. It is the key element of public health, and informs policy decisions and evidence-based practice by identifying risk factors for disease and targets for preventive healthcare. Major areas of concern in epidemiological study include disease etiology, transmission, outbreak investigation, disease surveillance and screening, bio monitoring, and comparisons of treatment effects such as in clinical trials.

Obstetrics, the field of medical practice that deals with pregnancy, childbirth, and the care of mothers and infants during the postpartum period. This study mainly involves the prenatal, child birth, post natal, and the care of neonates.

       Gynecology the branch deals with the physiology and medicine of the functions and diseases specific to women and girls, especially those affecting the reproductive system. As with all surgical specialties, gynecologists sometimes employ medical or surgical therapies (or many times, both), depending on the exact nature of the problem that they are treating. Pre- and post-operative medical management will often employ many standard drug therapies, such as antibiotics, diuretics, antihypertensive, and antiemetic’s. Additionally, gynecologists may also use of specialized hormone-modulating therapies to treat disorders of the female reproductive system.

Diabetes Mellitus : Diabetes, it is a group of metabolic diseases in which involves high blood sugar levels over a prolonged period. Diabetes is due to either the pancreas is not producing enough insulin or the cells of the body not responding properly to the insulin produced. The three main types of diabetes mellitus:

·         Type 1- Insulin dependent

·         Type 2- Insulin independent

 Diabetes Insipidus: This condition is characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely dilute urine with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the concentration of the urine. There are different types of DI, where each type involves a different set of causes.

        The most common type in humans is the neurological form, called Central DI (CDI), which involves a deficiency of arginine vasopressin (AVP), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH).

       The second common type of DI is nephrogenic diabetes insipidus (NDI), which is due to kidney or nephron dysfunction caused by an insensitivity of the kidneys or nephrons to ADH. DI can also be gestational, or caused by alcohol or some types of drug abuse. DI should not be confused with nocturia.

Gastrointestinal diseases refer to diseases involving the gastrointestinal tract , namely the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum and the accessory organs of digestion in the liver, gall bladder and pancreas. It is the part of body which helps in supply of nutrients and necessary requirements to the body. It helps in supplying energy and growth development.

Cardiology is a branch of medicine dealing with disorders of the heart. Heart is an important muscular organ in humans and other animals, pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The drugs that are used to treat other disorders in body, show a great impact on heart causing various side effects. Hence case reports on cardiac disorders and diseases have a great value and help in advancing and development of treatment strategies.

Psychology involves the study of mind and behavior. Psychologists explore concepts such as perception, cognition, emotion, intelligence, phenomenology, motivation, attention, brain functioning, personality, behavior, and interpersonal relationships also including psychological resilience, family resilience, and other areas. Psychological knowledge is often greatly used to the assessment and treatment of mental health problems, ultimately aims to benefit society.

This branch of medicine deals with the anatomy, physiology and diseases of the eye. The ophthalmology is a vast topic that includes the major subspecialties which is either concern with certain diseases or diseases of certain parts of the eye. Some of them are the following

This is the branch of medicine that deals with the oral cavity diseases and disorders. As mouth is the gateway of food to the body it is invaded by many bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites. Thus many infectious diseases may affect the oral cavity and some of them are

Pulmonology is a medical specialty that deals with diseases involving the respiratory tract. Physicians of this category are specially trained in diseases and conditions of the chest, particularly pneumonia, asthma, tuberculosis, emphysema, and complicated chest infections. Medication involves inhalation (bronchodilators and steroids) or in oral form (antibiotics, leukotriene antagonists). A common example being the usage of inhalers in the treatment of inflammatory lung conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Oxygen therapy is often necessary in severe respiratory disease (emphysema and pulmonary fibrosis). When this is insufficient, the patient might require mechanical ventilation.

The purpose of this session is to contribute to the progress of surgery by providing clinicians and researchers with an educational forum in which to share their personal experience and novel treatments and rare cases encountered by colleagues all over the world from whom contributions are welcomed.

             Case reports help in developing of skills and it would be clinically interesting to an international audience of surgeons trainees and researchers in all surgical subspecialties as well as clinicians in related fields.

It is the branch of medicine that deals with the medical care of infants, children. The body size differences are paralleled by maturational changes. The smaller body of an infant or neonate is significantly different from that of an adult. Genetic variance, birth defects and developmental issues are of greater concern to pediatricians than they often are to adult physicians.

The major significant difference between pediatrics and adult medicine is that children are minors and, in most jurisdictions, cannot make decisions for themselves.

It is the science that deals with the mechanisms of preventing disease, promoting health through organized efforts by involving different communities, societies, organizations. It involves health analysis and aims to promote health of entire populations. It involves the total system but not the eradication of particular disease. It mainly involves the three major points  that are:

The assessment and monitoring of the health of communities and populations at risk to identify health problems and prioritie

The formulation of public policies designed to solve identified local and national health problems and priorities.

To assure that all populations have access to appropriate and cost-effective care, including health promotion and disease prevention services.

The branch of medicine that deals with the medical and surgical aspects of skin, hair and nails. It sometimes also involves cosmetic care and enhancement.

         The main part of dermatology majorly involves skin which play a key role in protecting the body against different pathogens and helps in reducing the excessive water loss from it. The other functions of skin includes insulation, temperature regulation, sensation and the production of vitamin D folates.

Cancer Science aims to present research that has a significant clinical impact on oncologists or that may alter the disease concept of a tumor. Cancer is not one disease. It is a group of more than 100 different and distinctive diseases. Cancer can involve any tissue of the body and have many different forms in each body area. Most cancers are named for the type of cell or organ in which they start. Cancer is the name given to a collection of related diseases. In all types of cancer, some of the body's cells begin to divide without stopping and spread into surrounding tissues. Cancer can start almost anywhere in the human body, which is made up of trillions of cells.

Clinical pathology supports the diagnosis of disease using laboratory testing of blood, tissues, and other body fluids. There are types of specimens used clinical pathology. They are blood, urine, sputum, feces, and other body fluids. It is the branch of medicine dealing with health care for women, especially the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the female reproductive system. It deals with women's complaints gynecological diseases, fertility, pregnancy, '.Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering", and -logia (-λογία), "an account of") is a significant component of the causal study of disease and a major field in modern medicine and diagnosis. Pathology is a branch of medical science primarily concerning the examination of organs, tissues, and bodily fluids in order to make a diagnosis of disease.

Emergency Medicine:

Emergency Medicine is a medical specialty—a field of practice based on the knowledge and skills required for the prevention, diagnosis and management of acute and urgent aspects of illness and injury affecting patients of all age groups with a full spectrum of undifferentiated physical and behavioural disorders. It further encompasses an understanding of the development of pre-hospital and in-hospital emergency medical systems and the skills necessary for this development.

Critical Care Medicine:

Critical care medicine is a branch of medicine concerned with the diagnosis and management of life-threatening conditions requiring sophisticated organ support and invasive monitoring. Patients requiring critical care may require support for instability (hypertension/hypotension), airway or respiratory compromise (such as ventilator support), acute renal failure, potentially lethal cardiac arrhythmias, or the cumulative effects of multiple organ failure, more commonly referred to now as multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

Forensic Medicine:

Forensic science is a multidisciplinary subject that drawn basically from Chemistry, Physics, Biology, Geology, Psychology and even social sciences. It is used to for the scientific assessment of DNA, blood samples, bones etc. Forensic performs an important function in crook investigations.

Legal Medicine:

This branch of treatment that deals with the appliance of clinical potential to legal problems and authorized court cases.

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

Internal Medicine:

Internal Medicine is the clinical specialty dealing with the prevention, analysis, and treatment of adult illnesses. Physicians that specialize in internal medicine are referred to as internists or physicians in Commonwealth countries. Internists are skilled in the administration of sufferers who've undifferentiated or multi-procedure disease procedures. Internists handle hospitalized and ambulatory patients and could play a principal position in instructing and study. Internal Medicine can also be uniqueness within medical pharmacy and veterinary medicine.

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

Orthopaedics:

Orthopaedics is the medical specialty that specializes in injuries and illnesses of your body's musculoskeletal procedure. This complex process of treatment involves your bones, joints, ligaments, tendons, muscles, and nerves and makes it possible for you to move, work, and be energetic.

Rheumatology:

Rheumatology is a sub-specialty in internal medicine, dedicated to diagnosis and remedy of rheumatic illnesses. Physicians who specialize in rheumatology are known as Rheumatologists. Rheumatologists deal with scientific problems involving joints, gentle tissues, autoimmune diseases and heritable connective tissue disorders. Many of these illnesses at the moment are known to be disorders of the immune process. Rheumatology involves in the more and more the study of immunology.

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

Pharmacology:

Pharmacology is the branch of treatment and biology involved with the be trained of drug action, where a drug will also be commonly defined as any man-made, typical, or endogenous molecule which exerts a biochemical and/or physiological influence on the cell, tissue, organ, or organism. More specifically, it's the study of the interactions that occur between a living organism and chemicals that affect normal or abnormal biochemical function. If substances have medicinal properties, they are considered pharmaceuticals.

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

Women’s Health:

Women have unique health issues. And some of the health issues that affect both men and women can affect women differently.

Unique issues include pregnancy, menopause, and conditions of the female organs. Women can have a healthy pregnancy by getting early and regular prenatal care. They should also get recommended breast cancer, cervical cancer, and bone density screenings.

Women and men also have many of the same health problems. But these problems can affect women differently. For example,

• Women are more likely to die following a heart attack than men
• Women are more likely to show signs of depression and anxiety than men
• The effects of sexually transmitted diseases can be more serious in women
• Osteoarthritis affects more women than men
• Women are more likely to have urinary tract problem

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

Radiology

Radiology is a specialty that uses scientific imaging to diagnose and treat diseases noticeable within the body. It involves different types of imaging approaches corresponding to X-ray radiography, ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), nuclear remedy including positron emission tomography (PET), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are used to diagnose and/or treat diseases. Interventional radiology is the performance of scientific approaches with the guidance of imaging technologies.

Anesthesiology, anaesthesia or anaesthetics is the medical speciality that focuses on perioperative medicine and the administration of anesthesia.

Geriatric Medicine:

Geriatrics or geriatric medication is a specialty that makes a speciality of wellbeing care of aged persons. It goals to promote health via stopping and treating diseases and disabilities in older adults. There is not any set age at which sufferers is also under the care of a geriatrician or geriatric health practitioner, a physician who specializes in the care of elderly persons.

Anatomical pathology

It is a medical specialty that is concerned with the analysis of disease established on the macroscopic, microscopic, biochemical, immunologic and molecular examination of organs and tissues. Over the years surgical pathology has developed greatly from old examination of whole our bodies (autopsy) to a more modernized follow, situated on the prognosis and prognosis of cancer to guide treatment decision-making in oncology.

Sexual Health:

The phrase “sexual health” encompasses a range of public health and clinical issues related to prevention of sexually transmitted infections. I use the phrase a lot in my own work and its widening currency is a welcome new paradigm in our field. In fact, the concept of sexual health seems to me of fundamental relevance to all aspects of prevention of sexually transmitted infections.

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

Clinical pathology supports the diagnosis of disease using laboratory testing of blood, tissues, and other body fluids. There are types of specimens used clinical pathology. They are blood, urine, sputum, feces, and other body fluids. It is the branch of medicine dealing with health care for women, especially the diagnosis and treatment of disorders affecting the female reproductive system. It deals with women's complaints gynecological diseases , fertility, pregnancy, '.Pathology (from the Ancient Greek roots of pathos (πάθος), meaning "experience" or "suffering", and -logia (-λογία), "an account of") is a significant component of the causal study of disease and a major field in modern medicine and diagnosis. Pathology is a branch of medical science primarily concerning the examination of organs, tissues, and bodily fluids in order to make a diagnosis of disease.

This track mainly focusses on the case reports and advancements in treatments filed on this specialization

The word miscellaneous itself defines that it consists of different kinds of matter in it. Here in this aspect the Miscellaneous Case Reports is a collection of individual different case reports filed in the research work or during the treatments. This helps in knowing the best possible strategies of treatment for any physician.

Veterinary Medicine:

Veterinary medicine is the branch of medicine that deals with the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of disease, disorder and injury in non-human animals. The scope of veterinary medicine is wide, covering all animal species, both domesticated and wild, with a wide range of conditions which can affect different species especially pets.